International Conference on Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy August 06-07, 2018 Osaka, Japan

Biography:

Ian J Martins is a Fellow for the International Agency for Standards and Ratings (IASR) and Reviewer for Open Access Pub and various other journals. He is the Chief Editor for International Journal of Diabetes Research (2014-2017), Research and Reviews: Neuroscience (2016-2017) and Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Studies and Editor for various other journals. He is also the BIT Member (BIT Congress. Inc) with an H-index of 43 (Research Gate STATs (23) and Mendeley STATS (20).

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: The global problem of antimicrobial resistance is particularly relevant to the developing countries where infectious disease and costs have accelerated. Management of infectious disease has been critically compromised by the appearance and rapid spread of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth. Antibiotics are used either against bacteria or antifungals against fungi with the global antibacterial market to cost the global community 36 billion dollars. Antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics destroy microorganisms in the body by targeting bacterial cytoplasmic membranes but the debris from the bacteria such as gram negative organisms may release Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and amyloid peptide into the blood plasma.

Method: In previous experiments by various laboratories novel information has been provided that indicates brain and liver human amyloid beta metabolism is integrated and interference with the amyloid peripheral sink clearance pathway leads to cellular senescence and neuro-degeneration. The release of bacterial amyloid peptide from microorganisms needs to be carefully considered with relevance to corruption of the amyloid peripheral sink clearance pathway with relevance to pharmacotherapy in man.

Finding: Hepatic drug metabolism needs to be assessed with relevance to the global non-alcoholic fatty liver disease epidemic that is associated with complete inactivation of drug metabolism and antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial agents that inhibit microorganism growth needs to be carefully consumed early to prevent excessive LPS and bacterial peptide release associated with amyloid beta oligomer formation and cell apoptosis.

Conclusion: A healthy diet and early antimicrobial drug/peptide therapy is essential to prevent toxic manifestations with relevance to bacterial amyloid peptide induced oligomeric amyloid beta toxicity to cells. Antibiotics/antimicrobial therapy used either against bacteria or against fungus is of concern with antibiotic resistance expected to cost the global antibacterial market approximately 36 billion dollars by the year 2022.

Biography:

Sergey Suchkov has completed his Graduation from Astrakhan State Medical University with MD, then completed his PhD at the I M Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. He has then completed his Doctorship at the NRC Inst of Immunology FMBA, Russia. He was a Senior Researcher at Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology. He was the Head of the Lab of Clinical Immunology, Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Russia. He served as a Chair of Department for Clinical Immunology, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI). He was an Exe Secretary-in-Chief of the Editorial Board, Biomedical Science, an international journal published jointly by the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK. He is currently working as a Chair at Department for Personalized and Translational Medicine, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.

Abstract:

A new systems approach to diseased states and wellness result in a new branch in the healthcare services, namely, Personalized Medicine (PM). To achieve the implementation of PM concept into the daily practice including clinical cardiology, it is necessary to create a fundamentally new strategy based upon the subclinical recognition of bio-indicators (bio predictors and biomarkers) of hidden abnormalities long before the disease clinically manifests itself. Each decision-maker values the impact of their decision to use PM on their own budget and well-being, which may not necessarily be optimal for society as a whole. It would be extremely useful to integrate data harvesting from different databanks for applications such as prediction and personalization of further treatment to thus provide more tailored measures for the patients and persons-at-risk resulting in improved outcomes whilst securing the healthy state and wellness, reduced adverse events and more cost effective use of health care resources. One of the most advanced areas in cardiology is atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and coronary disorders as well as in myocarditis. A lack of medical guidelines has been identified by the majority of responders as the predominant barrier for adoption, indicating a need for the development of best practices and guidelines to support the implementation of PM into the daily practice of cardiologists. Implementation of PM requires a lot before the current model “physician-patient” could be gradually displaced by a new model “medical advisor-healthy person-at-risk”. This is the reason for developing global scientific, clinical, social, and educational projects in the area of PM to elicit the content of the new branch.

Biography:

Professor, MD, PhD, Lia Monica Junie, from the Microbiology Department of “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. She is head of the Department, coordinating also, the activities of both Laboratory Medicine specialty resident doctors and PhD doctor’s thesis in the medicine field. She unfolds a fruitful National and International scientific activity as an experienced microbiologist, having an impressive CV. She is Member in the Board of Scientific Societies, Reviewer in many peer-reviewed journals, Expert of the Ministry of Education and Research and Evaluator. She coordinated research projects, published books and more than 200 scientific articles in prestigious Journals. She organized and attended numerous national, international congresses, as president, member in the Organizing Committees, Invited speaker, Keynote speaker or Chairperson. She unfolds a high level activity after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration  both in hospital and education institutions.

Abstract:

MRSA strains were identified  after the introduction of methicillin in  therapy. Methicillin resistance is due to the acquisition of the mecA gene, which encodes PBP2a. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is responsible for hospital (HA-MRSA) and community-acquired infections (CA-MRSA). Toxic-shock syndrome toxin (TSST), enterotoxins (SE), exfoliatins (Ets), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) are SA pathogenicity factors. The genes for the stapylococal enterotoxins, are placed on the egc locus and are controlled by the agr regulatory genes. The purpose of our study was to investigate the genes presence (tsst, PVL, agr, SEM & SEG) among the SA isolates; to establish the prevalence of these genes, to identify the resistant phenotypes and their correlation. Materials and methods: The study included clinical isolates. The identification and the AB resistance profiles of the strains were performed by standard and automated methods (Vitek2 Compact). The genes content of the isolated strains were detected by PCR. Results: In 21,3% of the strains the genes per isolate were up to 5 and in 27,7% were 2; The tsst gene was not detected. The gene contents was: SEM & SEG  (44,7%), PVL (19.1%) and agr (48,9%): agr III (27,7%),  agr I (10,6%), II (6,4%) and IV (2,1% ). All arg positive strains are MRSA strains. The MRSA tested strains showed a high resistance to AB. The antibiotic sensitive MSSA strains, contain the SEM and the SEG genes. Conclusion: Following the strains antibiotic resistance profile,  carrying the agr genes alone or associated with the SEM, SEG, PVL genes, we emphasize that, in our geographic area, circulate SA strains with different resistance phenotypes. There isn’t any correlation between  the  AB  resistence phenotypes and the genes content, for suggesting their existence. This indicates the urge to detect the genes by PCR, for limiting the spread of the strains in hospitals and community.

Biography:

Sergey Suchkov has completed his Graduation from Astrakhan State Medical University with MD, then completed his PhD at the I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. He has then completed his Doctorship at the NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA, Russia. He was a Senior Researcher at Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology. He was the Head of the Lab of Clinical Immunology, Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Russia. He served as a Chair of Department for Clinical Immunology, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI). He was an Exe Secretary-in-Chief of the Editorial Board, Biomedical Science, an international journal published jointly by the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK. He is currently working as a Chair at Department for Personalized and Translational Medicine, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.

Abstract:

New therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases require greater understanding of patient or persons-at-risk subsets and the ability to personalize targeted therapies. In this sense, the identification and application of diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers remains the holy grail of PM-related platforms, algorithms and protocols. Among the best-validated predictive biomarkers are autoimmunity-related ones to predict risks of the chronification and thus disabling. Abs against myelin basic protein/MBP with proteolytic activity exhibiting sequence-specific cleavage of MBP is of great value to monitor demyelination whilst in MS. The activity of Ab-proteases was first registered at the subclinical stages 1-2 years prior to the clinical illness and revealed significant correlation with scales of demyelination and the disability of the patients as well. Canonical auto-Abs play neither predictive nor discriminative role to affect the subclinical stage of MS. Meanwhile, Ab-proteases have proved to be greatly informative and thus valuable as biomarkers to monitor MS at both subclinical and clinical stages! So, the activity of Ab-proteases and its dynamics tested would confirm a high subclinical and predictive (translational) value of the tools as applicable for personalized monitoring protocols at both subclinical and clinical stages of the disorder. Therefore, the proposed predictive value of MBP-targeted Ab-proteases for the development of MS is being challenged. In this sense, Ab-proteases can be programmed and re-programmed to suit the needs of the body metabolism or could be designed for the development of principally new catalysts with no natural counterparts. By changing sequence specificity one may reach reduction of a density of the negative proteolytic effects within the myelin sheath and thus minimizing scales of demyelination. Targeted Ab-mediated proteolysis could be also applied to isolate from Ig molecules catalytic domains directed against encephalitogenic autoepitopes or domains containing segments to exert proteolytic activity. Further studies are needed to secure artificial or edited Ab-proteases as translational tools of the newest generation to diagnose, to monitor, to control and to treat and rehabilitate MS patients at clinical stages and to prevent the disorder at subclinical stages in persons-at-risks to secure the efficacy of regenerative manipulations.